DRACO Design of Resilient Architectures for Computing

Research

DRACO explores the resilience and security of computing systems. With a team of over a dozen student researchers, our focus is on automating the design, development, and assessment of attacks, resilience, robustness, and ultimately security in electronic devices and systems.

Learn more about some of our side channel analysis work in the following video.

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Please note that the citations on this page were generated automatically from just identifiers using the Manubot cite utility please reference the published version of the publications to obtain accurate citation information.

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2025

Building Successful STEM Partnerships in Education: Strategies for Enhancing Collaboration
Building Successful STEM Partnerships in Education: Strategies for Enhancing Collaboration
Andrea C. Borowczak, Trina Johnson Kilty, Mike Borowczak
Education Sciences  ·  12 Jul 2025  ·  doi:10.3390/educsci15070893
Integrating Generative AI into Microelectronics Education
Integrating Generative AI into Microelectronics Education
Mike Borowczak, Andrea C Borowczak
Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2025  ·  29 Jun 2025  ·  doi:10.1145/3716368.3735255

2024

Hardware Trojan Key-Corruption Detection with Automated Neural Architecture Search
Hardware Trojan Key-Corruption Detection with Automated Neural Architecture Search
Franco Mezzarapa, Jenna Goodrich, Andey Robins, Mike Borowczak
IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology  ·  29 Dec 2024  ·  doi:10.1007/978-3-031-81900-1_11
Strict Avalanche Criterion of SHA-256 and Sub-Function-Removed Variants
Strict Avalanche Criterion of SHA-256 and Sub-Function-Removed Variants
Riley Vaughn, Mike Borowczak
Cryptography  ·  08 Sep 2024  ·  doi:10.3390/cryptography8030040
QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES WITH SMALL SAMPLE SIZES: AN EDUCATIONAL SUMMER CAMP EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES WITH SMALL SAMPLE SIZES: AN EDUCATIONAL SUMMER CAMP EXAMPLE
Trina Johnson Kilty, Kevin T. Kilty, Andrea C Burrows Borowczak, Mike Borowczak
Problems of Education in the 21st Century  ·  12 Aug 2024  ·  doi:10.33225/pec/24.82.507

2023

Challenging Assumptions of Normality in AES s-Box Configurations under Side-Channel Analysis
Challenging Assumptions of Normality in AES s-Box Configurations under Side-Channel Analysis
Clay Carper, Stone Olguin, Jarek Brown, Caylie Charlton, Mike Borowczak
Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy  ·  29 Nov 2023  ·  doi:10.3390/jcp3040038
Power-Based Side-Channel Attacks on Program Control Flow with Machine Learning Models
Power-Based Side-Channel Attacks on Program Control Flow with Machine Learning Models
Andey Robins, Stone Olguin, Jarek Brown, Clay Carper, Mike Borowczak
Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy  ·  07 Jul 2023  ·  doi:10.3390/jcp3030018

2022

TP-NET: Training Privacy-Preserving Deep Neural Networks under Side-Channel Power Attacks
TP-NET: Training Privacy-Preserving Deep Neural Networks under Side-Channel Power Attacks
Hui Hu, Jessa Gegax-Randazzo, Clay Carper, Mike Borowczak
2022 IEEE International Symposium on Smart Electronic Systems (iSES)  ·  01 Dec 2022  ·  doi:10.1109/iSES54909.2022.00095
Transition Recovery Attack on Embedded State Machines Using Power Analysis
Transition Recovery Attack on Embedded State Machines Using Power Analysis
Clay Carper, Andey Robins, Mike Borowczak
2022 IEEE 40th International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD)  ·  01 Oct 2022  ·  doi:10.1109/ICCD56317.2022.00090
Learning Privacy-Preserving Graph Convolutional Network with Partially Observed Sensitive Attributes
Learning Privacy-Preserving Graph Convolutional Network with Partially Observed Sensitive Attributes
Hui Hu, Lu Cheng, Jayden Parker Vap, Mike Borowczak
Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2022  ·  25 Apr 2022  ·  doi:10.1145/3485447.3511975
Confusion Over Models: Exploring Discourse in a STEM Professional Development
Confusion Over Models: Exploring Discourse in a STEM Professional Development
Todd Reynolds, Andrea C. Burrows, Mike Borowczak
Sage Open  ·  01 Apr 2022  ·  doi:10.1177/21582440221097916

2021

Computer Science beyond Coding: Partnering to Create Teacher Cybersecurity Microcredentials
Computer Science beyond Coding: Partnering to Create Teacher Cybersecurity Microcredentials
Andrea C. Burrows, Mike Borowczak, Bekir Mugayitoglu
Education Sciences  ·  22 Dec 2021  ·  doi:10.3390/educsci12010004
Comparing Ransomware using TLSH and @DisCo Analysis Frameworks
Comparing Ransomware using TLSH and @DisCo Analysis Frameworks
Rafer Cooley, Michael Cutshaw, Shaya Wolf, Rita Foster, Jed Haile, Mike Borowczak
2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)  ·  15 Dec 2021  ·  doi:10.1109/BigData52589.2021.9671573
Data-Driven Suitability Analysis to Enable Machine Learning Explainability and Security
Data-Driven Suitability Analysis to Enable Machine Learning Explainability and Security
Shaya Wolf, Rita Foster, Jed Haile, Mike Borowczak
2021 Resilience Week (RWS)  ·  18 Oct 2021  ·  doi:10.1109/RWS52686.2021.9611792
Jangseung: A Guardian for Machine Learning Algorithms to Protect Against Poisoning Attacks
Jangseung: A Guardian for Machine Learning Algorithms to Protect Against Poisoning Attacks
Shaya Wolf, Woodrow Gamboa, Mike Borowczak
2021 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)  ·  07 Sep 2021  ·  doi:10.1109/ISC253183.2021.9562816
Privacy-Preserving Fair Machine Learning Without Collecting Sensitive Demographic Data
Privacy-Preserving Fair Machine Learning Without Collecting Sensitive Demographic Data
Hui Hu, Mike Borowczak, Zhengzhang Chen
2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)  ·  18 Jul 2021  ·  doi:10.1109/IJCNN52387.2021.9534017
Stealing Machine Learning Parameters via Side Channel Power Attacks
Stealing Machine Learning Parameters via Side Channel Power Attacks
Shaya Wolf, Hui Hu, Rafer Cooley, Mike Borowczak
2021 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI (ISVLSI)  ·  01 Jul 2021  ·  doi:10.1109/ISVLSI51109.2021.00052
Side-channel Leakage Assessment Metrics: A Case Study of GIFT Block Ciphers
Side-channel Leakage Assessment Metrics: A Case Study of GIFT Block Ciphers
William Unger, Liljana Babinkostova, Mike Borowczak, Robert Erbes
2021 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI (ISVLSI)  ·  01 Jul 2021  ·  doi:10.1109/ISVLSI51109.2021.00051
S*FSMs for Reduced Information Leakage: Power Side Channel Protection Through Secure Encoding
S*FSMs for Reduced Information Leakage: Power Side Channel Protection Through Secure Encoding
Mike Borowczak, Ranga Vemuri
Behavioral Synthesis for Hardware Security  ·  28 May 2021  ·  doi:10.1007/978-3-030-78841-4_14
Integrated STEM for Teacher Professional Learning and Development: “I Need Time for Practice”
Integrated STEM for Teacher Professional Learning and Development: “I Need Time for Practice”
Andrea C. Burrows, Mike Borowczak, Adam Myers, Andria C. Schwortz, Courtney McKim
Education Sciences  ·  05 Jan 2021  ·  doi:10.3390/educsci11010021

2020

Integrated Outreach: Increasing Engagement in Computer Science and Cybersecurity
Integrated Outreach: Increasing Engagement in Computer Science and Cybersecurity
Shaya Wolf, Andrea Carneal Burrows, Mike Borowczak, Mason Johnson, Rafer Cooley, Kyle Mogenson
Education Sciences  ·  26 Nov 2020  ·  doi:10.3390/educsci10120353
Detecting DDoS Attacks Near The Edge with Router Canaries
Detecting DDoS Attacks Near The Edge with Router Canaries
Winston Howard, Mike Borowczak
2020 IEEE 10th International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE-Berlin)  ·  09 Nov 2020  ·  doi:10.1109/ICCE-Berlin50680.2020.9352164
Defensive Strategies for Autonomous Decentralized Lightweight Swarms
Defensive Strategies for Autonomous Decentralized Lightweight Swarms
Shaya Wolf, Mike Borowczak
2020 IEEE 10th International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE-Berlin)  ·  09 Nov 2020  ·  doi:10.1109/ICCE-Berlin50680.2020.9352161
Secure and Resilient Swarms: Autonomous Decentralized Lightweight UAVs to the Rescue
Secure and Resilient Swarms: Autonomous Decentralized Lightweight UAVs to the Rescue
Shaya Wolf, Rafer Cooley, Jason Fantl, Mike Borowczak
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine  ·  01 Jul 2020  ·  doi:10.1109/MCE.2020.2969174

2019

One-Class Classification to Continuously Authenticate Users Based on Keystroke Timing Dynamics
One-Class Classification to Continuously Authenticate Users Based on Keystroke Timing Dynamics
Rasana Manandhar, Shaya Wolf, Mike Borowczak
2019 18th IEEE International Conference On Machine Learning And Applications (ICMLA)  ·  01 Dec 2019  ·  doi:10.1109/ICMLA.2019.00207
Adversarial Impacts on Autonomous Decentralized Lightweight Swarms
Adversarial Impacts on Autonomous Decentralized Lightweight Swarms
Shaya Wolf, Rafer Cooley, Mike Borowczak
2019 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)  ·  01 Oct 2019  ·  doi:10.1109/ISC246665.2019.9071763
A State Machine Encoding Methodology Against Power Analysis Attacks
A State Machine Encoding Methodology Against Power Analysis Attacks
Richa Agrawal, Ranga Vemuri, Mike Borowczak
Journal of Electronic Testing  ·  09 Sep 2019  ·  doi:10.1007/s10836-019-05821-z
Ants Go Marching—Integrating Computer Science into Teacher Professional Development with NetLogo
Ants Go Marching—Integrating Computer Science into Teacher Professional Development with NetLogo
Mike Borowczak, Andrea C. Burrows
Education Sciences  ·  26 Mar 2019  ·  doi:10.3390/educsci9010066
Mitigating information leakage during critical communication using S*FSM
Mitigating information leakage during critical communication using S*FSM
Mike Borowczak, Ranga Vemuri
IET Computers & Digital Techniques  ·  20 Mar 2019  ·  doi:10.1049/iet-cdt.2018.5186
Computer science and engineering: utilizing action research and lesson study
Computer science and engineering: utilizing action research and lesson study
Andrea C. Burrows, Mike Borowczak
Educational Action Research  ·  16 Jan 2019  ·  doi:10.1080/09650792.2019.1566082
CyberSecurity and Technology: How Do They Fit into a Science Classroom?
CyberSecurity and Technology: How Do They Fit into a Science Classroom?
Andrea C Burrows, Mike Borowczak
Center for Open Science  ·  04 Jan 2019  ·  doi:10.31235/osf.io/jre5k
S-CHIRP: Securing Communications in Lightweight Peer-to-Peer Networks in the IoT
S-CHIRP: Securing Communications in Lightweight Peer-to-Peer Networks in the IoT
Shaya Wolf, Rafer Cooley, Mike Borowczak
IEEE Potentials  ·  01 Jan 2019  ·  doi:10.1109/MPOT.2018.2850600
A State Encoding Methodology for Side-Channel Security vs. Power Trade-off Exploration
A State Encoding Methodology for Side-Channel Security vs. Power Trade-off Exploration
Richa Agrawal, Mike Borowczak, Ranga Vemuri
2019 32nd International Conference on VLSI Design and 2019 18th International Conference on Embedded Systems (VLSID)  ·  01 Jan 2019  ·  doi:10.1109/vlsid.2019.00031

2018

Secure and Decentralized Swarm Behavior with Autonomous Agents for Smart Cities
Secure and Decentralized Swarm Behavior with Autonomous Agents for Smart Cities
Rafer Cooley, Shaya Wolf, Mike Borowczak
2018 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)  ·  01 Sep 2018  ·  doi:10.1109/isc2.2018.8656939
EVO-SCHIRP: Evolved Secure Swarm Communications
EVO-SCHIRP: Evolved Secure Swarm Communications
Shaya Wolf, Rafer Cooley, Mike Borowczak, Nicholas Cheney
2018 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)  ·  01 Sep 2018  ·  doi:10.1109/isc2.2018.8656982
Blockchain-Based Election Infrastructures
Blockchain-Based Election Infrastructures
Rafer Cooley, Shaya Wolf, Mike Borowczak
2018 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)  ·  01 Sep 2018  ·  doi:10.1109/isc2.2018.8656988
Designing for Security Within and Between IoT Devices
Designing for Security Within and Between IoT Devices
Mike Borowczak, Rafer Cooley, Shaya Wolf
2018 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI (ISVLSI)  ·  01 Jul 2018  ·  doi:10.1109/ISVLSI.2018.00129
Predictive liability models and visualizations of high dimensional retail employee data
Predictive liability models and visualizations of high dimensional retail employee data
Richard R. Yang, Mike Borowczak
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Innovation in Artificial Intelligence  ·  09 Mar 2018  ·  doi:10.1145/3194206.3195587
S-CHIRP: Secure communication for heterogeneous IoTs with round-robin protection
S-CHIRP: Secure communication for heterogeneous IoTs with round-robin protection
Mike Borowczak, George Purdy
2018 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE)  ·  01 Jan 2018  ·  doi:10.1109/icce.2018.8326301
Portable tor router: Easily enabling web privacy for consumers
Portable tor router: Easily enabling web privacy for consumers
Adrian Barberis, Danny Radosevich, Wyatt Emery, Mike Borowczak
2018 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE)  ·  01 Jan 2018  ·  doi:10.1109/icce.2018.8326333
Integrated STEM: Focus on Informal Education and Community Collaboration through Engineering
Integrated STEM: Focus on Informal Education and Community Collaboration through Engineering
Andrea Burrows, Meghan Lockwood, Mike Borowczak, Edward Janak, Brian Barber
Education Sciences  ·  01 Jan 2018  ·  doi:10.3390/educsci8010004

2015

CressInt : A user-friendly web resource for genome-scale exploration of gene regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana
CressInt : A user-friendly web resource for genome-scale exploration of gene regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Xiaoting Chen, Kevin Ernst, Frances Soman, Mike Borowczak, Matthew T. Weirauch
Current Plant Biology  ·  01 Sep 2015  ·  doi:10.1016/j.cpb.2015.09.001

2014

Enabling Side Channel Secure FSMs in the Presence of Low Power Requirements
Enabling Side Channel Secure FSMs in the Presence of Low Power Requirements
Mike Borowczak, Ranga Vemuri
2014 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI  ·  01 Jul 2014  ·  doi:10.1109/ISVLSI.2014.78

2013

Secure controllers: Requirements of S*FSM
Secure controllers: Requirements of S*FSM
Mike Borowczak, Ranga Vemuri
2013 IEEE 56th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)  ·  01 Aug 2013  ·  doi:10.1109/MWSCAS.2013.6674708

2012

S*FSM: A Paradigm Shift for Attack Resistant FSM Designs and Encodings
S*FSM: A Paradigm Shift for Attack Resistant FSM Designs and Encodings
Mike Borowczak, Ranga Vemuri
2012 ASE/IEEE International Conference on BioMedical Computing (BioMedCom)  ·  01 Dec 2012  ·  doi:10.1109/BioMedCom.2012.22
SDMLp: On the use of complementary Pass transistor Logic for design of DPA resistant circuits
SDMLp: On the use of complementary Pass transistor Logic for design of DPA resistant circuits
Lakshmi Narasimhan Ramakrishnan, Manoj Chakkaravarthy, Antarpreet Singh Manchanda, Mike Borowczak, Ranga Vemuri
2012 IEEE International Symposium on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust  ·  01 Jun 2012  ·  doi:10.1109/HST.2012.6224315

2008

Safety-Centric Design of Distributed Embedded Avionics
Safety-Centric Design of Distributed Embedded Avionics
Ranga Vemuri, Mike Borowczak, Annie Avakian
2008 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference  ·  01 Jul 2008  ·  doi:10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806561
The Use of Device Simulation in Development of USB Storage Devices
The Use of Device Simulation in Development of USB Storage Devices
R. Brian Anderson, Mike Borowczak, Philip A. Wilsey
41st Annual Simulation Symposium (anss-41 2008)  ·  01 Apr 2008  ·  doi:10.1109/ANSS-41.2008.34

Improving Future Faculty With Graduate Engineering Education
Improving Future Faculty With Graduate Engineering Education
Andrea Burrows, Anant Kukreti, Mike Borowczak, Amr Safwat
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings  ·  [no date info]  ·  doi:10.18260/1-2--16917
Go With The Flow: Describing Storm Water Runoff Rates Using The Derivative
Go With The Flow: Describing Storm Water Runoff Rates Using The Derivative
Brad Hunt, Regina Lamendella, Sara Garrison, Andrea Burrows, Mike Borowczak, Anant Kukreti
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings  ·  [no date info]  ·  doi:10.18260/1-2--16900
Engineering Education Collaboration: Innovative Pedagogical Methods For High School And University Environmentalists
Engineering Education Collaboration: Innovative Pedagogical Methods For High School And University Environmentalists
Leslie Hadaway, Megan Urbaitis, Regina Lamendella, Daniel Oerther, Andrea Burrows, Mike Borowczak, Anant Kukreti
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings  ·  [no date info]  ·  doi:10.18260/1-2--16896
Web of Science
Web of Science
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Web of Science
Web of Science
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Web of Science
Web of Science
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Web of Science
Web of Science
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Web of Science
Web of Science
[no publisher info]  ·  [no date info]  ·  wosuid:WOS:000453756400006
Developing a Creative K-12 Manipulative: An ECECS Capstone
Developing a Creative K-12 Manipulative: An ECECS Capstone
Mike Borowczak, Andrea Burrows
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings  ·  [no date info]  ·  doi:10.18260/p.26718
Arduinos and Games: K-12 Teachers Explore Computer Science (Evaluation)
Arduinos and Games: K-12 Teachers Explore Computer Science (Evaluation)
Andrea Burrows, Mike Borowczak
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings  ·  [no date info]  ·  doi:10.18260/p.26275
Web of Science
Web of Science
[no publisher info]  ·  [no date info]  ·  wosuid:PPRN:19305937
Web of Science
Web of Science
[no publisher info]  ·  [no date info]  ·  wosuid:PPRN:19311083
Teaching Teachers to Think Like Engineers Using NetLogo
Teaching Teachers to Think Like Engineers Using NetLogo
Andrea Burrows, Mike Borowczak
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings  ·  [no date info]  ·  doi:10.18260/1-2--28926
Interactive Web Notebooks Using the Cloud to Enable CS in K-16+ Classrooms and PDs
Interactive Web Notebooks Using the Cloud to Enable CS in K-16+ Classrooms and PDs
Mike Borowczak, Andrea Burrows
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings  ·  [no date info]  ·  doi:10.18260/1-2--28571
Hardening Freshman Engineering Student Soft Skills
Hardening Freshman Engineering Student Soft Skills
Andrea Borowczak, Mike Borowczak
2017 FYEE Conference Proceedings  ·  [no date info]  ·  doi:10.18260/1-2--29416
Enabling Advanced Topics in Computing and Engineering Through Authentic Inquiry: A Cybersecurity Case Study
Enabling Advanced Topics in Computing and Engineering Through Authentic Inquiry: A Cybersecurity Case Study
Mike Borowczak, Andrea Burrows
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings  ·  [no date info]  ·  doi:10.18260/1-2--30370
Novel STEM Research Programs Could Minimize Attrition in Undergraduate Engineering
Novel STEM Research Programs Could Minimize Attrition in Undergraduate Engineering
Garrett Burrows, Mike Borowczak
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings  ·  [no date info]  ·  doi:10.18260/1-2--33136
Building Collaboration and Securing Interest in Computer Science Education through Outreach Opportunities
Building Collaboration and Securing Interest in Computer Science Education through Outreach Opportunities
Shaya Wolf, Fiona Moss, Rasana Manandhar, Madison Cooley, Rafer Cooley, Andrea Burrows, Mike Borowczak
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings  ·  [no date info]  ·  doi:10.18260/1-2--32484
Constructing and Refining Computer Science Outreach Focused on Student Engagement
Constructing and Refining Computer Science Outreach Focused on Student Engagement
Shaya Wolf, Rafer Cooley, Mason Johnson, Andrea Burrows, Mike Borowczak
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access Proceedings  ·  [no date info]  ·  doi:10.18260/1-2--34327
Web of Science
Web of Science
[no publisher info]  ·  [no date info]  ·  wosuid:PPRN:11837388
WySLICE - Integrating Computer Science throughout Existing K-12 Core Disciplinary Areas
WySLICE - Integrating Computer Science throughout Existing K-12 Core Disciplinary Areas
Mike Borowczak, Andrea Borowczak, Mason Johnson
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access Proceedings  ·  [no date info]  ·  doi:10.18260/1-2--38225
Designing a Creative Cybersecurity Microcredential for Educators: Challenges and Successes of K-12 Teacher Professional Development
Designing a Creative Cybersecurity Microcredential for Educators: Challenges and Successes of K-12 Teacher Professional Development
Bekir Mugayitoglu, Mike Borowczak, Andrea Burrows
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access Proceedings  ·  [no date info]  ·  doi:10.18260/1-2--36927
The Artful Craft of Improving Virtual Summer Camps in the Midst of COVID-19 (Work in Progress)
The Artful Craft of Improving Virtual Summer Camps in the Midst of COVID-19 (Work in Progress)
Mike Borowczak, Andrea Burrows, Shawna Wolf, Shaya Wolf, Hui Hu
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings  ·  [no date info]  ·  doi:10.18260/1-2--41204
On the Development of Cybersecurity and Computing Centric Professional Developments and the Subsequent Implementation of Topics in K12 Lesson Plans (RTP)
On the Development of Cybersecurity and Computing Centric Professional Developments and the Subsequent Implementation of Topics in K12 Lesson Plans (RTP)
Mike Borowczak, Andrea Burrows, Andey Robins
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings  ·  [no date info]  ·  doi:10.18260/1-2--41203
Board 319: Integrating Computing Throughout K-12 While Bridging the Digital Divide
Board 319: Integrating Computing Throughout K-12 While Bridging the Digital Divide
Mike Borowczak, Andrea Borowczak
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings  ·  [no date info]  ·  doi:10.18260/1-2--46898
Flexible Learning Cycles: Introducing Agile Constructivist Pedagogy
Flexible Learning Cycles: Introducing Agile Constructivist Pedagogy
Mike Borowczak, Andrea Borowczak
2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings  ·  [no date info]  ·  doi:10.18260/1-2--56579